Role of Civil Society in Public Service Delivery in Bangladesh: Opportunities, Constraints, and Policy Implications

Most. Rukshana Parvin

Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. 

Abstract

This study critically examines the role and contribution of civil society in enhancing public service delivery in Bangladesh. In a context where state capacity is often constrained by limited resources, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and governance challenges, civil society organizations (CSOs) — including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based organizations (CBOs), and advocacy groups — have emerged as important actors in bridging gaps between the state and citizens. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative data from national public service performance indicators with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions involving beneficiaries, service providers, and civil society practitioners. The findings indicate that CSOs have positively influenced the accessibility, quality, and responsiveness of essential services such as health, education, sanitation, and social safety nets. Key areas of contribution include capacity building of local institutions, community mobilization, monitoring and accountability mechanisms, and innovative service delivery models that complement government efforts. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges, including coordination issues with government agencies, funding sustainability, and regulatory constraints that hinder optimal performance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations aimed at strengthening collaborative frameworks between the state and civil society, enhancing institutional support for CSOs, and fostering participatory governance to improve public service outcomes. This research underscores the indispensable role of civil society in promoting inclusive development and responsive public services in Bangladesh.    

Keywords: Civil society, Public service delivery, Governance, Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Bangladesh 

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